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by TFIR
Gammons: We’re now in baseball’s Substance Era, and a solution is needed
By Peter Gammons 5h ago 30
It is an era, like the Deadball and Lively Ball Eras that spanned the emergence of radio in America, like the Segregation Era that Jackie Robinson and Larry Doby broke, like the era of the 15-inch mound that Bob Gibson and friends lowered, and the Steroid Era that glamorized power, shattered records and eventually denied some players their place in history.
Now, we are in the Substance Era. Yes, some — perhaps many — pitchers have always used a little something extra. There was a time when spitters were prevalent. One killed Ray Chapman. Preacher Roe wrote a piece in Sports Illustrated detailing how he threw his. Gaylord Perry was a dominant star pitcher who made K-Y Jelly famous en route to 314 wins; MLB had umpires check what they could, but only once was Perry ejected from a game, on a seventh-inning 3-2 pitch with the bases loaded after Boston outfielder Reid Nichols asked umpire Dave Phillips to check a ball innings earlier when he was in left field “and a voice came to me that said ‘no weapon formed against thee shall prosper.’” My conclusion that night was that the only rule Perry violated for all those years was Isaiah 54:17.
But never has it been as widespread, as consistent, as institutionalized, as explained in this superb piece here on The Athletic by Eno Sarris in which an experienced pitching coach stated that “almost everyone is using something.”
Last week, I had all nine pitching coaches I talked with say virtually the same thing: “The word to underline in this is something,” said one experienced coach. “The clubhouse guy in Anaheim may have had one recipe for a grip substance, but I’d guess there are about two hundred different recipes being used around the game right now. That’s one of the reasons it’s going to be so difficult to detect and break down.”
Trevor Bauer has, one way or another, been at the center of all this. He called out the Houston Astros for their ability to suddenly and seemingly magically increase the spin rate and results of any pitcher who joined the club, which many also took as a shot at his UCLA teammate/rival Gerrit Cole. At the same time, Bauer’s study, knowledge and curiosity about spin rates from 2018 through 2020 produced the largest increase in spin rate in the game. And last week, Bauer found himself in the spotlight after an Athletic report by Ken Rosenthal stated that multiple suspicious baseballs from Bauer’s April 8 start had been collected by the league for inspection. During the Dodger-Athletics game in question, the Oakland broadcasters remarked about a couple of Bauer-thrown balls that had been taken out for examination. One Dodger official noted, “Trevor doesn’t help himself,” referring to the pitcher’s public pronouncements on Twitter and YouTube, railing against the media and the league.
There are two clouds converging on this issue.
The first is that in this era of high velocity and steadily rising fastball/curveball spin rates, up go the strikeouts and stretches of time in games — like the clinching game of the 2020 World Series — when the action is the game of catch between pitchers and catchers. Major League Baseball reads the demographics, and the demographics tell them in three years Hurling from Glasgow or cricket from New Delhi (Billy Beane now owns an Indian Cricket club) may have a more enthusiastic audience among those under 25. Don’t laugh. Hurling is fast and wild, lacrosse on fast-forward with a whole lotta blood.
The other cloud is that many people in the game consider this explosion in the use of substances to be cheating. “In the end, the hitters were using steroids so they could lift, work out and recover,” says one NL general manager. “We all condemned that as cheating. But now pitchers are running up ridiculous numbers by cheating. I don’t see the difference, except that eventually we negotiated to get testing (in 2005) and figured out how to administer it. There are no clear answers as to the identification and detection processes. It’s still cheating. It still impacts pennant races. It could end the careers of certain position players. There are players who struggle with high velocity that some pitchers can accelerate with whatever they have. It’s incredible what can be used to limit detection.”
At a media seminar I attended, the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency explained how athletes discovered one way to disguise amphetamines in their bloodstream was the use of Visine. Athletes doing something they don’t want to be detected will find a way.
What to make of all these developments, then? They are a product of a pitching culture that values raw measurables above all else, and that starts early.
The power/spin rate era, then, comes back to what one scouting director whose specialty has been pitching calls “the Driveline Bazooka method of pitching. The sell, especially with the proliferation of the showcases, is velocity, velocity, velocity, not pitching.” In fact, one current pitching coach says, “I think this will change, probably soon. I’m not sure this obsession with spin rates won’t end up hurting a lot of arms, as they try to pronate to get the spin. I had one pitcher who hurt his arm because he worried too much about his spin rate.”
“I think we’re going to see a turn away from this concept,” says one pitching coach. “First, there are too many young pitchers who are blowing out their arms. The second is that we can’t continue to survive with pitchers throwing four or five innings a start.”
The Astros and Yankees are projected to be two of the best teams in the American League, but in their first eight games Yankee starters pitched less than five innings five times, and the Astros had three starts — two by Zack Greinke, one by José Urquidy — of six innings.
“I wonder how bullpens are going to hold up over a full season, especially when their team is in a pennant race,” says one AL pitching coach. “For years, as we move forward with bullpenning, the overuse of the good ones shortens their careers.”
Bullpenning may be a byproduct of the lack of starting pitching, but pitching coaches who pitched in the major leagues feel the paucity of starting pitching is a result of the tendency to rush young arms to the pen and not give them time to develop. Go back 10 years to 2011, the year Cole, Bauer, Dylan Bundy, José Fernández, Sonny Gray and Matt Barnes were all picked in the first round.
Liam Hendricks led American League relievers in pitching WAR in 2019 and 2020. The only other reliever to lead his league in that category in consecutive seasons in the last decade was the Dodgers’ Kenley Jansen, in 2016-17. The last National League reliever to lead the league in saves in consecutive seasons was Craig Kimbrel from 2012-14, and the last American Leaguer was Baltimore’s Jim Johnson in 2012-13.
The difference between pitchers peaking in 2012 and 2021 is that a decade ago, young pitchers were originally starters who had opportunities to fill that broader role. Buck Showalter saw that Zack Britton and Johnson each had turbo sinkers that worked at the end of games and put them in the pen. In 1995, he started Mariano Rivera up until the last game before the All-Star break, but put him in the bullpen in the second half (“He just didn’t have a breaking ball,” says Showalter) and the next spring Mariano came up with the cutter.
Whitey Herzog brought Ken Dayley and Todd Worrell to the big leagues as starters, but Whitey watched young pitchers in the clubhouse before starts “and when I saw them walk about six innings of energy off wandering around before they went to warm up, I thought they should go to the bullpen.” Jerry Hunsicker’s Astros drafted Billy Wagner and Brad Lidge to be relievers, but Hunsicker started them in the minors to help them develop secondary pitches and learn to get out of jams of their own making. When they were ready, they became star closers.
In December 2012, following a 69-93 season, Ben Cherington signed Koji Uehara, who had been released after mediocre starting seasons in Baltimore and Texas. Uehara, who threw an 85-87 mph fastball up in the zone and a 79 mph split, had a 1.09 earned run average in the regular season, then worked 13 post-season games with a 1.31 ERA and seven saves, including the final strikeout of the World Series.
“He was as good as anyone you could ever see in that postseason,” Craig Breslow once said. After two more strong years, Koji saved seven games in 2016, was released, saved two for the Cubs and went home.
Koji Uehara didn’t need high velocity to record some spectacular statistics. (Dan Hamilton / USA TODAY)
“We don’t train starting pitchers anymore,” says Hall of Famer John Smoltz. “We train for power, for velocity, but not pitching. I was allowed to pitch, allowed to get my brains beaten in, overcome adversity and keep going, make adjustments, change. Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine were allowed to do the same. Maddux had learning times with the Cubs. Glavine had one rough year (7-17). I started 2-11 in 1991 and Bobby Cox stuck with me.”
He was 12-2 in the second half and threw seven shutout innings in the seventh game of the World Series.
“When I went to the bullpen (after surgery, from 2001 to 2004, when he logged 154 saves) I knew how to pitch out of trouble,” Smoltz says. He then went back to starting and twice finished in the top seven for the Cy Young, an award he won earlier in his career.
Dennis Eckersley was like Smoltz. He won 149 games as a starter, had one fourth place Cy Young vote (in 1978, when he won 20 games), then when he went to the A’s in 1997 was moved to the bullpen by Tony La Russa. He racked up 390 saves, won the Cy Young and MVP in 1992 and, like Smoltz, was a Cooperstown no-brainer.
Do not forget, when Smoltz was traded to the Braves for Doyle Alexander in 1987, he was 4-11 for the Tigers’ Double-A farm team in Glens Falls, N.Y. Then-Mets scout Paul Ricciarini, who covered the Eastern League, told me, “forget the record, Smoltz is the best prospect in the league.” He went to Atlanta and was 2-7, 5.88 the rest of the year. “I’d have been a reliever for life if I did that today,” says Smoltz.
Maddux thew hard when he came up, but he was 8-18, 5.56 in 1986-87. Dallas Green stuck with him; in ’88, Maddux threw 249 innings, the first of 14 consecutive 200 inning seasons. Glavine went 7-17, 4.56 in his first full season in 1988, but then-GM Cox insisted he stay in the rotation. “They each had the touch and feel great starting pitchers have to have,” Cox later said. “They never stopped learning. They were very smart, extremely athletic, and were always trying things.”
“I spent a lot of time going to the bullpen, trying things between starts,” says Smoltz. “We all did. We all learned from our failures and our successes, we learned what we could and couldn’t do, and that allows a pitcher to be honest with himself, which is very important.” As someone who covered Eckersley for close to 20 years, I can honestly say I have known few pitchers more honest about themselves. I once wrote that Eck’s walk-in song should be Jackson Browne’s “These Days,” with the line “don’t confront me with my failures, I have not forgotten them,” because he accepted all responsibilities and nothing that ever happened to him was anyone else’s fault.
Hall of Famers Maddux, Glavine and Smoltz are examples of how teams can rediscover how to develop starters. “When young pitchers struggle, give them time to develop other pitches or figure out what they want to do before they become one-inning pitchers and are expected to throw every pitch with maximum effort, which so often leads to injuries,” says Smoltz. “Let them learn touch and feel.”
There is no better current example than the touch-and-feel genius of Zack Greinke. “He can change shapes of the same pitch from inning to inning, game to game,” says Astros pitching coach Brent Strom. “He reads hitters, he understands himself. He’s a three-dimensional pitcher — in and out, up and down, front and back. He is a master of speed differential and can throw the ball wherever he wants.” If you love looking at the radar gun readings on the scoreboard, Greinke’s four-seam fastball averages 88.5 mph, his change-up 86.8.
Kyle Hendricks is the Cubs’ best pitcher: 86.3 mph four-seam fastball, then cutter, curveball, changeup, sinker, slider. Ryan Yarbrough of the Rays averages 85.7 and changes speeds; to the hitter, his pitches seem to come out of his armpit and, by the way, Yarbrough yielded the lowest exit velocity of any American League starter in 2020. Joe Musgrove threw a total of 12 fastballs in his no-hitter. Hey, Clayton Kershaw’s average fastball this season has been 90.6.
What do the touch-and-feel guys have in common? “They’re all great athletes, and being athletic is a far more important part of being a successful pitcher than gun readings,” says one National League executive who is unusually gifted in evaluating pitchers. We know Maddux is a scratch golfer who won 18 gold gloves. Glavine not only won two Cy Youngs, but won four Silver Sluggers, had six seasons in which he didn’t make an error, and, oh yes, was drafted by the Los Angeles Kings the same year he was a second-round selection of the Braves. He can always claim he was drafted ahead of NHL Hall of Famers Brett Hull and Luc Robitaille.
“They all were in sync with their bodies,” says the executive. “That is so important to a pitcher. They understand how their bodies work, and pitch accordingly. Then they can focus on their feel for the ball and what to do with it, throw with low effort and be able to use all four quadrants of the strike zone. That’s pitching.” One scout suggests one watch Jacob deGrom, who was a good college shortstop, and Max Fried — who his mentor Reggie Smith believed could have been an athletic major-league center fielder — to see great examples of pitchers synced with their bodies who can not only stay over the rubber effortlessly but move to the plate with power. Mike Mussina was a Patek Philippe timepiece. Jim Palmer is a classic example, a fluid, intellectual athlete who later in his career pitched a game against Boston in which, as pitching coach Ray Miller showed off with his pitching chart, he hit every speed on the radar gun from 68 to 92.
“I think what we need to do better in the lower minors is constantly remind pitchers to think out what they’re trying to do,” says the scouting director. “That, and work on how they watch hitters and learn how to see what the hitters want to do against them. Pedro Martinez and Maddux seemed to always know what the hitter was trying to do against them by reading their swings. You can’t get that off a scouting report, or analytics. You can’t get that when someone is calling the pitches from the dugout.” Asked to name a high school or college pitcher who read hitters exceptionally, he came up with an unexpected choice: “Matt Wieters. He was a reliever at Georgia Tech, and he had exceptional feel and could read hitters. He would have been a very successful major-league pitcher.” Wieters was the fifth pick in the country as a catcher, so the pitching never happened.
Along with punishing those who break the rules on substances used to better grip baseballs, and altering development to encourage pitching and allow young pitchers to throw learning experience minor-league innings, Jim Bowden on XM MLB Radio had a creative thought: Decide what substance is legal and in what amount, and allow it to be in a small bag next to the rosin bag on the mound. “That way,” says Bowden, “everyone would have a level playing field.”
We don’t know how good Trevor Bauer would be if he, Kevin Gausman and Jon Gray all had the same spin rates, but one of his former pitching coaches says, “he’d always find a way to be exceptional because he is obsessed with greatness.” Maybe he wouldn’t be a Cy Young Award winner, but then, in a league with deGrom, he might not be one this season. He might not be better than Julio Urías, Walker Buehler or Dustin May this year, and he could still win the seventh game of the World Series.
What I do know is that a Red Sox clubhouse kid gave me a tube of K-Y jelly out of Perry’s locker, that Eck once got caught with a nail file in a playoff game, that Don Drysdale loaded up more than a few balls in his time and that Elston Howard used to cut baseballs on his shinguards before returning them to Whitey Ford. And all those pitchers are in the Hall of Fame.
So let’s standardize what pitchers use on their hands. Insist major-league teams work on the development of starting pitchers; limit the money these run, throw and thump showcases make, to the detriment of the game; and let kids play.
(Top photo of Bauer: Matt Thomas / San Diego Padres / Getty Images)
"I've suffered a great many tragedies in my life....most of them never happened". Mark Twain